Numerology, referred to as isopsephy, remained in use in conservative Greek Orthodox circles. Despite this religious purging, the spiritual significance assigned to the heretofore 'sacred' numbers had not disappeared several numbers, such as the ' Jesus number' have been recognized and analyzed by Dorotheus of Gaza. Numerology had not found favor with the Christian authority of the day and was assigned to the field of unapproved beliefs, along with astrology and other forms of divination and 'magic'. In 325 AD, following the First Council of Nicaea, departures from the beliefs of the state church were classified as civil violations within the Roman Empire.

Augustine of Hippo (AD 354–430), wrote: 'Numbers are the Universal language offered by the deity to humans as confirmation of the truth.' Similar to Pythagoras, he too believed that everything had numerical relationships and it was up to the mind to seek and investigate the secrets of these relationships or have them revealed by divine grace. Pythagoras and other philosophers of the time believed that because mathematical concepts were more 'practical' (easier to regulate and classify) than physical ones, they had greater actuality.

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